Afganistán: “acción-reacción” en la lucha contra organizaciones violentas extremistas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24201/fi.v64i1.2980Palabras clave:
terrorismo, extremismo violento, conflicto, seguridad, defensaResumen
Este artículo estudia los efectos de las acciones de los gobiernos contra la insurgencia y las organizaciones violentas extremistas. Se argumenta que ciertas políticas estatales y acciones de las fuerzas del orden pueden tener efectos contraproducentes. En concreto, se explora la relación “acción-reacción” entre el aumento de tropas extranjeras en Afganistán y el aumento del número de bajas de esta fuerza como resultado de la reacción adversa y contestataria en las organizaciones violentas extremistas yihadistas. Los resultados corroboran y amplían otras investigaciones que apuntan a que, en determinados conflictos asimétricos modernos, cuantos más militares se despliegan en el terreno, mayor el número de bajas que se producen. El estudio sugiere la necesidad de que los responsables de tomar decisiones en los conflictos se pregunten sobre el número óptimo de personas en el terreno y elijan líneas de acción que equilibren los objetivos planteados con el riesgo de bajas en las tropas.
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