The Unbearable Lightness of Climate Justice in the IPCC’s AR6

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24201/fi.v64i3.3072

Keywords:

climate justice, distributive justice, global justice, procedural justice, retributive justice

Abstract

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) defines key concepts for understanding climate risk analysis, adaptation, resilient transformation, or vulnerability. The assessment also integrates distributive, procedural climate justice principles and recognition of local and indigenous knowledge. The scope of the proposed climate justice principles is analyzed from a normative and institutional perspective to identify the challenges involved in understanding climate policy making from a justice perspective. It is argued that when climate justice does not define principles with specific content and outline implementation mechanisms, it has no actual institutional or policy consequences. Some significant limitations are the absence of the actual tenets of justice beyond its enunciation, the lack of a retribution conception of justice, and a scope that does not consider the consequences of global justice. Therefore, it limits its impact on national obligations. Some general criteria for defining the content of common principles of justice are discussed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Acuerdo de París (AP), 2015, https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/spanish_paris_agreement.pdf

Acuerdo Regional sobre el Acceso a la Información, la Participación Pública y el Acceso a la Justicia en Asuntos Ambientales en América Latina y el Caribe, Acuerdo de Escazú, 2021, https://www.cepal.org/es/acuerdodeescazu

Bali Principles of Climate Justice, 2002, https://www.ejnet.org/ej/bali.pdf

BIERMANN, Frank y Agni KALFAGIANNI, “Planetary justice: A research framework”, Earth System Governance 6, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2020.100049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2020.100049

BIERMANN, Frank, Thomas HICKMANN y Carole-Anne SÉNIT (eds.), The Political Impact of the Sustainable Development Goals, Nueva York, Cambridge University Press, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009082945

CANEY, Simon, “Two Kinds of Climate Justice: Avoiding Harm and Sharing Burdens”, The Journal of Political Philosophy 22 (2), 2014, pp. 125-149, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119110132.ch3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12030

CHAPIN III, F.S. et al., “Earth stewardship: Shaping a sustainable future through interacting policy and norm shifts”, Ambio 51, 2022, pp. 1907–1920, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-022-01721-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-022-01721-3

Climate Finance Shadow Report 2023: Assessing the delivery of the $100 billion commitment, Oxford, Oxfam, 2023, https://doi.org/10.21201/2023.621500 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21201/2023.621500

Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Climático (CMNUCC), 1994, https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/convsp.pdf

Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Aarhus Convention, 1998, https://unece.org/environment-policy/public-participation/aarhus-convention/text

DAHL, Robert, Democracy and its Critics, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1989.

DASGUPTA, P, The Economics of Biodiversity: The Dasgupta Review, Londres, HM Treasury, 2021.

DOLŠAK, Nives y Aseem PRAKASH, “Three Faces of Climate Justice”, Annual Review of Political Science, 25, 2022, pp. 283–301, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-125514 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-051120-125514

DRYZEK, John, “Institutions for the Anthropocene: Governance in a Changing Earth System”, British Journal of Political Science, vol. 46 (4), 2016, pp. pp. 937–956, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123414000453 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123414000453

DRYZEK, John, Richard NORGAARD y David SCHLOSBERG, Climate-Challenged Society. New York, Oxford University Press, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199660100.001.0001

DWORKIN, Richard, “Is Law a System of Rules?”, en R. M. Dworkin (ed.), The Philosophy of Law, Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 1977, pp. 38-65.

Environmental Justice Leadership Forum on Climate Change, 2009, https://www.ejnet.org/ej/ejlf.pdf

FANNING, Andrew y Jason HICKEL, “Compensation for atmospheric appropriation”, Nature Sustainability 6, 2023, pp. 1077–1086, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01130-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01130-8

FLEISCHACKER, Samuel, A Short History of Distributive Justice, Cambridge, M.A., Harvard University Press, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4159/9780674036987

FORSYTH, Miranda et al. “A future agenda for environmental restorative justice?”, The International Journal of Restorative Justice 1, 2021, pp. 17-40, https://doi.org/10.5553/TIJRJ.000063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5553/TIJRJ.000063

GARDINER, Stephen, “Climate Justice”, en John S. Dryzek, Richard B. Norgaard y David Schlosberg, The Oxford Handbook of Climate Change and Society, Nueva York, 2011, Oxford, pp. 309-322

GARDINER, Stephen, A Perfect Moral Storm, Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195379440.001.0001

GOSSERIES Axel y Lukas H. MEYER, Intergenerational Justice, Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 2009, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199282951.001.0001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199282951.001.0001

GUPTA, Joyeeta et al, “Earth system justice needed to identify and live within Earth system boundaries”, Nature Sustainability 6, 2023, pp. 630–638, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01064-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-023-01064-1

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), AR5 Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability (Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), 2014, Ginebra, IPCC, 2014, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), AR6 Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), Ginebra, IPCC, 2022, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009325844

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), AR6 Synthesis Report: Climate Change 2023) Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), Ginebra, IPCC, 2023, https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/

JAMIESON, Dale, Reason in a Dark Times, Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 2014.

JAMIESON, Dale y Marcello DI PAOLA, “Climate Change and Global Justice: New Problem, Old Paradigm?”, Global Policy Journal, 5-1, 2014, pp. 105-111, https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12113

KOJOLA Erik y David PELLOW, “New directions in environmental justice studies: examining the state and violence”, Environmental Politics 30 (1-2), 2021, pp. 100-118, https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2020.1836898 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2020.1836898

LE CLERCQ, Juan Antonio y Celeste CEDILLO, “Números de la injusticia ambiental: la medición de la impunidad en México”, Íconos, 73, 2022, pp. 179-200, https://doi.org/10.17141/iconos.73.2022.5172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17141/iconos.73.2022.5172

MCCAULEYA, DARREN y Raphael HEFFRON, “Just transition: Integrating climate, energy and environmental justice”, Energy Policy, 119, 2018, pp. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2018.04.014

MACINTYRE, Alasdair, Whose Justice? Which Rationality?, Londres, Duckword, 1988.

MCKINNON, Catriona, Climate Change and Future Justice, Nueva York, Routledge, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203802205

MOELLENDORF, Daren, The Moral Challenge of Dangerous Climate Change, Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 2014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139083652

Naciones Unidas, Asamblea General, Resolución aprobada por la Asamblea General del 29 de marzo de 2023, 77/276. Solicitud de una opinión consultiva a la Corte Internacional de Justicia sobre las obligaciones de los Estados con respecto al cambio climático, A/RES/77/276, https://undocs.org/Home/Mobile?FinalSymbol=A%2FRES%2F77%2F276&Language=E&DeviceType=Desktop&LangRequested=False

Naciones Unidas, Climate Change, “COP28 Presidency unites the world on Loss and Damage”, COP28UAE, Dubai, 2023, https://www.cop28.com/en/news/2023/11/COP28-Presidency-unites-the-world-on-Loss-and-Damage

National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit, 1991, https://www.ewg.org/news-insights/news/17-principles-environmental-justice

NORDHAUS, William, The Climate Casino, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt5vkrpp

NOZICK, Robert, Anarquía, Estado y utopía, México, FCE, 1988.

OSTROM, Elinor, “A Polycentric Approach for Coping with Climate Change”, The World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5095, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5095

PAAVOLA, Jouni, “Explaining Multi-Level Environmental Governance” (2008), Environmental Policy and Governance, 26 (3), 2016, pp. 143-154, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/17569338/2016/26/3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.1698

PEDERSEN, Ole, “Environmental Principles and Environmental Justice”, Environmental Law Review 12 (1), 2020, pp. 1-86, https://doi.org/10.1350/enlr.2010.12.1.074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1350/enlr.2010.12.1.074

PETTINOTTI, Laetitia et al, “A fair share of climate finance? The adaptation edition”, ODI Working Paper, Londres, ODI, 2023.

POGGE, Thomas, World Poverty and Human Rights, Maldon M.A., Polity Press, 2002.

PORTNEY, Paul y John WEYANT (eds.), Discounting and Intergenerational Equity, Washington D.C., Resources for the Future, 1999.

POSNER E. y D. WEISBACH, Climate Change Justice, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400834402

Protocolo de Kioto, 1997, https://unfccc.int/es/kyoto_protocol

RAWLS, John, A Theory of Justice, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1971, https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9z6v DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjf9z6v

ROCKSTRÖM, Johan et al, “Safe and just Earth system boundaries”, Nature, 619, 2023, pp.102–111, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06083-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06083-8

ROCKSTRÖM, Johan et al., “We need biosphere stewardship that protects carbon sinks and builds resilience”, PNAS 118 (38), 2021, e2115218118, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115218118 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115218118

SCHLOSBERG, David, “The justice of environmental justice: reconciling equity, recognition, and participation in a political movement”, en A. Light and B. Russo (eds), Moral and Political Reasoning in Environmental Practice, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2003, pp. 77–106.

SCHLOSBERG, David, Defining Environmental Justice: Theories, Movements, and Nature, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2009.

SCHLOSBERG, David, “Theorising environmental justice: the expanding sphere of a discourse”, Environmental Politics, 22(1), 2013, pp.37–55, https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2013.755387 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2013.755387

SEN, Amartya, The Idea of Justice, Cambridge M.A., Harvard University Press, 2009.

SETZER, Joana y Catherine HIGHAM, Global Trends in Climate Change Litigation: 2022 snapshot, Londres, LSE/ Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment and the Centre for Climate Change Economics and Policy, 2022, https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Global-trends-in-climate-change-litigation-2022-snapshot.pdf

STEFFEN, Will et al., “The Anthropocene: From Global Change to Planetary Stewardship”, Ambio 40(7), 2011, pp. 739–761, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0185-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-011-0185-x

STEVIS, Dimitris y Romain FELLI, “Planetary just transition? How inclusive and how just?”, Earth System Governance 6, 2020, 100065, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2020.100065 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esg.2020.100065

SHUE, Henry, Climate Justice, Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 2014.

SVARSTAD, Hanne y Tor BENJAMINSEN, “Reading radical environmental justice through a political ecology lens”, Geoforum 108, 2020, pp. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.11.007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.11.007

VANDERHEIDEN, Steve, Atmospheric Justice, Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 2018.

VANDERHEIDEN, Steve, “Environmental and Climate Justice”, en T. Gabrielson, C. Hall, J. Meyer y D. Scholsberg, The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Political Theory, Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 2011, pp. 321-332.

WHYTE, Kyle, “Too Late for Indigenous Climate Justice: Ecological and Relational Tipping Points”, WIREs Climate Change, 11(1), 2020, e603, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.603 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.603

Published

01-07-2024