In search of affirmation: security and the brics countries in international governance.

Authors

  • Marcelo de Almeida Medeiros Profesor Asociado de Ciencia Política por la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) e investigador PQ-1C del Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (CNPq)
  • Mikelli Marzzini L. A. Ribeiro Doctorando en Ciencia Política por la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), maestro en Relaciones Internacionales por la Universidad Estatal de Paraíba (UEPB). Profesor del curso de Derecho de la Universidad del Estado de Bahía (UNEB)
  • Mariana P. O. de Lyra Doctoranda en Ciencia Política por la Universidad Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), maestra en Relaciones Internacionales por la Universidad Estatal de Paraíba (UEPB) y profesora de Relaciones Internacionales de la Asces/Unita

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24201/fi.v52i3.2450

Keywords:

brics, English School, security, international governance, emerging powers

Abstract

Since it was first identified, the brics group of countries (comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) has followed a process that has raised their agenda in high-level meetings of the states, as may be observed by the number of issues covered by declarations, which rose from 16 in 2009 to 77 in 2015. Hence, this paper examines the set of issues related to security in the group’s agenda. Based on the premises of the English School, it is observed that the increase in matters concerning security reflects a search for affirmation and the perception that this group can act as a fundamental player in international governance. This analysis employed the qualitative content method associated with counting keywords. As an auxiliary tool, it made use of the R software version 3.1.0. Finally, a significant quantitative and qualitative increase is observed on issues relating to security in high-level declarations, which suggests that the brics countries believe they are capable of managing the most delicate issues in international governance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Asian Perspectives on Humanitarian Intervention in the 21st Century”, Doshisha 2nd International Conference on Humanitaria Intervention, 2012, en http://gdoshisha.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/sridhar-patnaik-paper.pdf

Baena Soares, João Clemente, “As Naçoes Unidas diante das Ameaças, dos desafios, das mudanças”, cebri Dossiê, vol. 1, año 4, 2005.

Baldwin, David, “The Concept of Security”, Review of International Studies, núm. 23, 1997, pp. 5-26.

BRICS, I Declaración de cúpula del bric, 2009, en http//brics.itamaraty.gov.br/pt_br/categoría-portugues/20-documentos/73-primeiro-declaracao

_____, II Declaración de cúpula del bric, 2010, en http//brics.itamaraty.gov.br/pt_br/categoría-portugues/20-documentos/74-segunda-declaracao-conjunta

_____, III Declaración de cúpula del brics, 2011, en http//www.itamaraty.gov.br/pt-BR/notas-a-imprensa/2559-iii-cupula-do-brics-sanya-14-de-abril-de-2011

_____, IV Declaración de cúpula del brics, 2012, en http://brics.itamaraty.gov.br/pt_br/categoria-portugues/20-documentos/76-quarta-declaracao-conjunta

_____, V Declaración de cúpula del brics, 2013, en http://brics.itamaraty.gov.br/pt_br/sobre-o-brics/desenvolvimentos-recentes-v-cupula-durban-africa-do-sul-27-de-marco-de-2013

_____, VI Declaración de cúpula del brics, 2014, en http://brics.itamaraty.gov.br/pt_br/categoria-portugues/20-documentos/224-vi-cupula-declaracao-e-plano-de-acao-de-fortaleza

_____, VII Declaración de cúpula del brics, 2015, en http//www.itamaraty.gov.br/pt-BR/notas-a-imprensa/10465-vii-cupula-do-brics-declaracao-de-ufa-ufa-russia-9-de-julho-de-2015

Bull, Hedley, A Sociedade Anárquica: um estudo da ordem na política mundial, trad. de Sérgio Bath, Brasilia, Editora Universidade de Brasilia, 2002.

Buzan, Barry, People, states and fear: An Agenda for security Analysis in the PostCold War Era, Brighton, Weatsheaf, 1991.

_____, “An Underexploited Resource in IR”, Review of International Studies, vol. 27, núm. 3, 2001, pp. 471-488.

_____, y Ole Waever, Regions and Powers. The Structure of International Security, Cambridge, University Press, 2003.

Cooper, Andrew F. y Asif B. Farooq, “brics and the Privileging of Informally in Global Governance”, Global Policy, vol. 4, núm. 4, 2013, pp. 428-432.

Fonseca, Pedro Cesar Dutra, Lucas de Oliveira Paes y André Moreira Cunha, “The concept of emerging power in international politics and economy”, Revista de Economia Política, vol. 36, núm. 1, 2016, pp. 46-69.

Fonseca Jr., Gelson, “brics: notas e Questões”, en José Vicente de Sá Pimentel (org.), O Brasil, os brics e a Agenda Internacional, Brasilia, Funag, 2012.

Garwood-Gowers, Andrew, “China’s «Responsible Protection» Concept: Reinterpreting the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and Military Intervention for Humanitarian Purposes”, Asian Journal of International Law, vol. 6, núm. 1, 2016, pp. 89-116.

Gjorv, Gunhild Hoogensen, “Security by any other name: negative security, positive security, and a multi-actor security approach”, Review of International Studies, vol. 38, núm. 4, 2012, pp. 836-839.

Herz, Monica y Victor Coutinho Lage, “Brics e a Questão Nuclear: contestações e reafirmações diante dos mecanismos de governança global”, Carta Internacional, vol. 6, núm. 2, 2011, pp. 31-54.

Hour, Zhenbo, “The brics and Global Governance Reform: Can the brics provide leadership?”, Development, vol. 3, núm. 56, 2013, pp. 356-362.

Hurrell, Andrew, On Global Order: Power, Values, and the Constitution of International Society, Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 2007.

_____, “Hegemonia, liberalismo e ordem global: qual é o espaço para potências emergentes?”, en Andrew Hurrell, Maria R. Soares de Lima, Monica Hirst, Neil MacFarlane, Amrita Narlikar y Rosemary Foot, Os brics e a ordem global, Rio de Janeiro, Editora FGV, 2009.

_____, “Power Transitions, Emerging Powers, and the Shifting Terrain of the Middle Ground”, en Cornelia Navari (ed.), Ethical Reasoning in International Affairs: Arguments from the Middle Ground, Londres, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, pp. 222-245.

_____, “Narratives of emergence: Rising powers and the end of the Third World?”, Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, vol. 33, núm. 2, 2013, pp. 203-221.

IPEA: Instituto de Pensamiento Europeo Ágora, O Fórum-2014, en http://www.ipea.gov.br/forumbrics/pt-BR/o-forum.html

Laidi, Zaki, “brics: Sovereignty power and weaknes”, International Politics, vol. 49, núm. 5, 2012, pp. 614-632.

Linklater, Andrew y Hidemi Suganami, The English School of International Relations: A Contemporary Reassessment, Cambridge, University Press, 2006.

O’Neill, Jim, “Building Better Global Economic brics”, GS Global Economics, Paper 66, noviembre de 2001, en http://www.goldmansachs.com/our-thinking/archive/archive-pdfs/build-better-brics.pdf

Pérez, Lucas y Marianna Brito, “Os brics na Votação do Projeto Europeu de Resolução do Conselho de Segurança Sobre a Síria”, brics Policy Center - brics Monitor, noviembre de 2011, en http://bricspolicycenter.org/homolog/publicacoes/Interna/881?tipo=Brics%20Monitor

Reis, Maria Edileuza Fontenele, “brics: surgimento e evolução”, en José Vicente de Sá Pimentel (org.), O Brasil, os brics e a Agenda Internacional, Brasilia, Funag, 2012, pp. 31-47.

Stuenkel, Oliver, “The brics on the un Security Council: The Case of R2P”, The Brics and the Future of Global Order, Lanhuam, Lexington Books, 2015, pp. 125-145.

Thakur, Ramesh, “R2P after Libya and Syria: Engaging Emerging Powers”, The Washington Quarterly, vol. 36, núm. 2, 2013, pp. 61-76.

Troitskiy, Mikhail, “brics Approaches to Security Multilateralism”, aspj Africa & Francophonie, 2nd Quarter, 2015, pp. 76-88.

USCIRF: United States Commision on International Religious Freedom, “Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom”, en http://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/resources/annual1%20report%202010.pdf

Walt, Stephen M., “The end of the American era”, The National Interest, núm. 116, 2011, pp. 6-16.

Zakaria, Fareed, O mundo pós-americano, trad. de Pedro Maia, São Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 2008.

Published

28-06-2017

How to Cite

de Almeida Medeiros, M., Marzzini L. A. Ribeiro, M., & P. O. de Lyra, M. (2017). In search of affirmation: security and the brics countries in international governance. Foro Internacional, 52(3), 607–639. https://doi.org/10.24201/fi.v52i3.2450