Oportunidades y dificultades del nearshoring en México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24201/fi.3129Palabras clave:
nearshoring, cadenas de valor mundiales, política industrial, política comercial de EE.UU, industrias estratégicas, semiconductores, automóviles, farmacéutica, minerales fundamentales, TLCAN, T-MEC, ChinaResumen
La relación de México con Estados Unidos (EE.UU.) ha sido excepcionalmente cercana durante muchas décadas. Los llamados recientes en EE.UU. pidiendo una nueva ola de “nearshoring” para ayudar a que la economía estadounidense reconstruya sus cadenas de suministro, fragmentadas y vulnerables tras una serie de interrupciones y giros políticos vinculados a la pandemia mundial de COVID-19, al surgimiento del nacionalismo económico, a la aparición de China como una superpotencia global en el ámbito tecnológico, y los crecientes conflictos regionales, han planteado oportunidades y desafíos para México. Este artículo examina los lazos económicos bilaterales de México con la economía estadounidense en el periodo de la posguerra, para destacar los patrones y las lecciones que constituyen un aprendizaje para afrontar la coyuntura actual. Recurrimos a la perspectiva de las cadenas de valor mundiales (CVM) para mostrar cómo las políticas industriales y comerciales recientes de EE.UU. se centran en una serie de industrias estratégicas, tales como semiconductores, automóviles, farmacéutica y minerales fundamentales, en la que México tiene mucho que ofrecer. No obstante, la competencia internacional y la dinámica política estadounidense exige que México adopte una estrategia de desarrollo más integral y activa para lograr obtener los beneficios tanto para el desarrollo como para la innovación.
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