Los países poscomunistas en la integración del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo Europeo en 2019

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24201/fi.v63i4.2961

Palabras clave:

países poscomunistas, miembros del Parlamento Europeo (MPE), grupos políticos del Parlamento Europeo, Consejo Europeo

Resumen

Durante el siglo XX, los países hoy ubicados al este de la Unión Europea (UE) atravesaron por procesos políticos nacionales e internacionales diferentes a los que experimentaron los países de la UE-15. Su consolidación democrática presenta rezagos. Este legado histórico-institucional del este tuvo características específicas que son perceptibles en la forma en que se integran los diferentes grupos políticos del Parlamento Europeo y el Consejo Europeo, donde se orientan más hacia la derecha. Su presencia ha sido altamente favorable para el predominio de la corriente encabezada por el Partido Popular Europeo (PPE), en el que Alemania tiene un papel central.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Guadalupe Pacheco Méndez, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Xochimilco

Profesora-Investigadora de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana. Xochimilco. Depto. Relaciones Sociales de la División de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades; tiempo completo, titular C, miembro del SNI nivel II. Doctorado es Estudios Políticos en Francia

  • dominio de inglés y francés, y comprensión de lectura en Italiano.

Citas

BARTOLINI, Stefano, “La structure des clivages nationaux et la question de l’intégration dans l’Union européene”, Politique européene, núm. 4, 2001/3, pp. 14-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/poeu.004.0015

BAUME, Maïa de la, “Orbán’s Fidesz quits EPP group in European Parliament”, Politico, https://www.politico.eu/article/epp-suspension-rules-fidesz-european-parliament-viktor-orban-hungary/ (consulta del 7 de marzo de 2021).

BEISSINGER, Mark y Stephan KOTKIN, “The Historical Legacies of Communism: an Empirical Agenda”, en Mark Beissinger y Stephen Kotkin (eds.), Historical Legacies of Communism in Russia and Eastern Europe, Nueva York, Cambridge University Press, 2014, pp. 1-27.

BRESSANELLI, Edoardo, “National Parties and Group Membership in the European Parliament: Ideology or Pragmatism?”, Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 19, núm. 5, 2012, pp. 737-754. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2011.646790

BRESSANELLI, Edoardo, Europarties after Enlargement. Organization, Ideology and Competition, Londres, Palgrave MacMillan, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137348869

CAMERON, David R., The Challenges of EU Accession for Poscommunist Europe, Working Paper Series 60, Center for European Studies, Department of Political Science, New Haven, Yale University, 2004.

COLLIER, David (ed.), The new authoritarianism in Latin America, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1979.

COLLIER, Ruth y David COLLIER, Shaping the Political Arena: Critical Junctures, the Labor Movement, and Regime Dynamics in Latin America, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1991.

Comisión Europea, Country Report Italy 2020, Brussels, 26.2.2020, SWD(2020) 511 final, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?qid=1584543810241&uri=CELEX%3A52020SC0511 (consulta del 8 de marzo de 2020).

Comisión Europea, Public Opinion in the European Union, Standard Eurobarometer 61, Full Report, primavera de 2004, https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/408 (consulta del 6 de junio de 2023)

Consejo Europeo, Members of the European Council, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/european-council/members/ (consulta del 21 de julio de 2022).

Democracy Index 2019. A year of democratic setbacks and popular protest, Londres, The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited, 2020, https://www.in.gr/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Democracy-Index-2019.pdf (consulta del 5 de octubre de 2021).

DINAN, Desmond, Neill NUGENT y William PATERSON, “A Multi-dimensional Crisis”, en Desmond Dinan, Neill Nugent, William Paterson (eds.), The European Union in Crisis, Londres, Palgrave, 2017, pp. 31-47 (versión pdf). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60427-9

European Union Treaty Consolidated 2016, 2016/C 202/1, Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU), vol. 59, 7 de junio de 2016, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:C:2016:202:TOC) (consulta del 17 de septiembre de 2020).

Frontex, European Border and Guard Agency, Risk Analysis for 2018, Varsovia, 2018.

GORBACHEV, Mijaíl, Discurso a la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, 7 de diciembre de 1988, texto completo en https://literaster.com/writing/gorbachevs-speech-un-7-december-1988 (consulta del 14 agosto de 2022).

HAUGHTON, Tim, “Central and Eastern Europe: The Sacrifices of Solidarity, the Discomforts of Diversity, and the Vexations of Vulnerabilities”, en Desmond Dinan, Neill Nugent, William Paterson (eds.), The European Union in Crisis, Londres, Palgrave, 2017, pp. 309-326 (versión pdf).

HEFFERNAN, Michael, The Meaning of Europe. Geography and Geopolitics, Londres, Arnold, 1998.

HIX, Simon, The Political System of European Union (2.ª ed.), Nueva York, Palgrave MacMillan, 2005.

HIX, Simon, Abdul NOURY y Gérard ROLAND, Democratic Politics in the European Parliament, Nueva York, Cambridge University Press, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511491955

HOBSBAWM, Eric, Historia del siglo XX (5.ª ed.), Barcelona, Crítica, 2003.

JANSE, Ronald, “Is the European Commission a credible guardian of the values? A revisionist account of the Copenhagen political criteria during the Big Bang enlargement”, International Journal of Constitutional Law (I•CON), 2019, vol. 17, núm. 1, pp. 43-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/icon/moz009

JUDT, Tony, Postguerra, Una historia de Europa desde 1945, México, Taurus, 2011.

KISSINGER, Henry, World Order, Nueva York, Penguin Books, 2014.

KISSINGER, Henry, Diplomacy, Nueva York, Simon & Schuster, 1994.

KITSCHELT, Herbert, Zdenska MANSFELDOVA, Rdoslaw MARKOVSKY y Gabor TOKA, Poscommunist Party Systems: Competition, Representation and Inter-Party Competition, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139175173

KOTKIN, Stephen y Mark BEISSINGER, “The Historical Legacies of Communism: an Empirical Agenda”, en Mark Beissinger y Stephen Kotkin (eds.), The Historical Legacies of Communism in Russia and Eastern Europe, Nueva York, Cambridge University Press, 2014, pp.1-27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107286191.001

KREPPEL, Amie, The European Parliament and the Supranational Party System. A Study in Institutional Development, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511606083

LANE, David, “Poscommunist States and the European Union”, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, vol. 23, núm. 4-2007, pp. 461-477. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13523270701674558

LINZ, Juan y Alfred STEPAN, Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation. Southern Europe, South America and Poscommunist Europe, Baltimore y Londres, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

LIPSET, Seymour y Stein ROKKAN, “Cleavage Structures, Party Systems, and Voter Alignments: An Introduction”, en Seymour Lipset y Stein Rokkan (eds.), Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives, Nueva York, Free Press, 1967, pp. 1–64.

MINKENBERG, Michael, “The Radical Right in Postsocialist Central and Eastern Europe: Comparative Observations and Interpretations”, East European Politics and Societies, vol. 16, núm. 2, pp. 335-362. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/088832502766275975

MOORE, Barrington, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World, Boston, Beacon Press, 1993.

NUGENT, Neill, “The Crisis and the EU’s Institutions, Political Actors, and Processes” en Desmond Dinan, Neill Nugent, William Paterson (eds.), The European Union in Crisis, Londres, Palgrave, 2017, pp. 215-237 (versión pdf).

O’DONNELL, Guillermo (ed.), Modernization and Bureaucratic Authoritarianism, Berkeley, University of California, 1973.

O’DONNELL, Guillermo y Philippe SCHMITTER, Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies, Baltimore y Londres, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

On the Statute and Funding of European Political Parties and European Political Foundations, Regulation no. 1141/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council, Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU), 22 de octubre de 2014, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32014R1141 (consulta del 17 de septiembre de 2020).

Parlamento Europeo, Presidency Conclusions, Copenhagen European Council, 21-22 de junio de 1993. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/enlargement/ec/pdf/cop_en.pdf

Parlamento Europeo, Reglamento interno del Parlamento Europeo, 7.ª legislatura, julio de 2009, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/RULES-7-2009-07-14-RULE-030_ES.html

Parlamento Europeo, 2019 European election results, Constitutive Session – 23/10/2019, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/election-results-2019/en (consulta del 17 de septiembre de 2020).

Parlamento Europeo, The Political Groups of the European Parliament, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/about-parliament/en/organisation-and-rules/organisation/political-groups (consulta del 28 de junio de 2021).

POP-ELECHES, Grigoire, “Communist Development and the Postcommunist Democratic Deficit”, en Stephen Kotkin y Mark Beissinger, The Historical Legacies of Communism in Russia and Eastern Europe, Nueva York, Cambridge University Press, 2014, pp. 28-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107286191.002

REDZIC, Ena y Judas EVERETT, “Cleavages in the Poscommunist Countries of Europe: A Review”, Politics in Central Europe, vol. 16, núm. 1 (2020), pp. 231-258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pce-2020-0011

SAITTO, Francesco, “European political parties and European public space from the Maastricht Treaty to the Reg. Núm. 1141/2014”, Discussion Paper, núm. 2/17, Europa Kolleg-Hamburg, Institute for European Integration, 2017.

SCHIMMELFENNIG, Frank y Ulrich SEDELMEIER, “The Europeanization of Eastern Europe: the external incentives model revisited”, Journal of European Public Policy, vol. 27, núm. 6, 2020, pp. 814-833. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2019.1617333

SIMPSER, Alberto, Dan SLATER y Jason WITTENBERG, “Dead but not Gone: Contemporary Legacies of Communism, Imperialism, and Authoritarianism”, Annual Review of Political Science, 2018, pp. 419-439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-062615-020900

Study on NATO Enlargement, Organización del Tratado del Atlántico del Norte, 3 de septiembre de 1995, https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_24733.htm (consulta del 23 de junio de 2023).

Treaty of Accession of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia (2003), Official Journal of the European Union, L 236, vol. 46, 23 de septiembre de 2003, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L:2003:236:TOC

VAROUFAKIS, Yanis, Adults in the Room. My Battle with the European and American Deep Establishment, Nueva York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2017.

WENDT, Alexander y Daniel FRIEDHEIM, “Hierarchy under Anarchy: Informal Empire and the East German State”, International Organization, vol. 49, núm. 4, otoño de 1995, pp. 689-721. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0020818300028484

WHITEHEAD, Lawrence, “International Aspects of Democratization”, en Guillermo O’Donnell, Philippe Schmitter y Lawrence Whitehead (eds.), Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives, Baltimore y Londres, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986, pp. 3-46.

WHITEHEAD, Lawrence, “The Imposition of Democracy”, en Abraham Lowenthal (ed.), Exporting Democracy: the United States and Latin America, Case Studies, vol. 2, Baltimore y Londres, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991, pp. 234-260.

WHITETAKER, Richard y Philip LYNCH, “Understanding the Formation and Actions of Eurosceptic Groups in the European Parliament: Pragmatism, Principles and Publicity”, Government and Opposition, vol. 49, 2013, pp. 232-263. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2013.40

Worldwide Governance Indicators, Data Bank, World Bank, https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators# (consulta del 24 de mayo de 2023).

ZELIKOW, Philip y Condoleezza RICE, Germany Unified and Europe Transformed. A Study in Statecraft, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 2002.

Descargas

Publicado

09/29/2023

Cómo citar

Pacheco Méndez, G. (2023). Los países poscomunistas en la integración del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo Europeo en 2019. Foro Internacional, 63(4), 639–682. https://doi.org/10.24201/fi.v63i4.2961