La humanidad en el limbo. El sistema de protección internacional de Turquía ante la crisis humanitaria del conflicto en Siria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24201/fi.v58i4.2550Palabras clave:
Turquía, Siria, refugiados, protección temporal, ACNURResumen
El conflicto sirio ha provocado una catástrofe humanitaria con 6,1 millones de desplazados internos y más de cinco de refugiados. Turquía es un actor fundamental en el conflicto por su involucramiento militar y por albergar a 3,5 millones de refugiados sirios registrados. El presente artículo se concentrará en la crisis humanitaria y buscará comprobar la relación entre el sistema de protección internacional turco y la estrategia para gestionar tal crisis, la cual se ha basado en dos premisas: por una parte, la estancia temporal de los refugiados y, por otra, la provisión de servicios, antes bien que el reconocimiento de derechos.
Descargas
Citas
ACNUR: Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados, “Syria Regional Refugee Response. Inter-agency Information Sharing Portal”, en http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/regional.php
ACNUR: Alto Comisionado de Naciones Unidas para los Refugiados, “unhcr Turkey’s Monthly Statistics”, en https://data2.unhcr.org/fr/documents/download/57101
Baban, Feyzi, Suzan Ilcan y Kim Rygiel, “Playing Border Politics with Urban Syrian Refugees: Legal Ambiguities, Insecurities, and Humanitarian Assistance in Turkey”, Movements: Journal of Critical Migration and Border Regimes Studies, Múnich, vol. 3, núm. 2, 2017, pp. 81-102.
Biehl, Kristen S., “Governing through Uncertainty: Experiences of Being a Refugee in Turkey as a Country for Temporary Asylum”, Social Analysis, vol. 59, núm. 1, 2015, pp. 57-75 [Puede verse en http://www.berghahnjournals.com/abstract/journals/socialanalysis/59/1/sa590104.xml, consultado el 4.II.2017].
Çorabatir, Metin, The Evolving Approach to Refugee Protection in Turkey: Assessing Practical and Political Needs, Washington, DC, Migration Policy Institute, 2016.
Daniş, Didem, “A New Period in Turkish Migration Policy: Syrian Refugees as a Foreign Policy Instrument”, Saha. Citizen’s Assembly-Turkey, núm. esp. 1, 2016, pp. 24-29.
DGMM: Dirección General de Manejo de la Migración, “Temporary Protection Statistics”, en http://www.goc.gov.tr/icerik6/temporary-protection_915_1024_4748_icerik
_____, Türkiye ve GÖÇ, Ankara, Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü, 2015.
Durukan, Oktay, “Who are the Refugees, What do They Teach Us?”, Saha. Citizen’s Assembly Turkey, núm. esp. 1, 2016, pp. 30-36 [Entrevista al autor por Ayşe Çavdar].
Elitok, Seçil Paçaci y Thomas Straubhaar, “Migration from Turkey to Europe: Betwixt and Between?” en Europe, Turkey and the Mediterranean Fostering Cooperation and Strengthening Relations. Europe in Dialogue, Berlín, Bertelsmann Stiftung, Gütersloh, 2012, pp. 97-106.
Erdoğan, Murat, Syrians in Turkey: Social Acceptance and Integration Research, Hacettepe University Migration and Politics Research Centre (hugo), noviembre de 2014, en https://mmuraterdogan.files.wordpress.com/2014/12/hugo-report-syrians-in-turkey-social-acceptance-and-integration-november-2014-04122014-en1.pdf
_____, Urban Refugees from “Detachment” to “Harmonization”. Siryan Refugees and Process Management of Municipalities: The Case of Istanbul, Estambul, Marmara Belediyeler Birliği, 2017.
_____ y Can Ünver, Perspectives, Expectations and Suggestions of the Turkish Business Sector: Syrians in Turkey, Ankara, Turkish Confederation of Employer Associations, 2015.
Heck, Gerda y Sabine Hess, “Tracing the Effects of the EU-Turkey Deal: The Momentum of the Multi-layered Turkish Border Regime”, Movements: Journal of Critical Migration and Border Regimes Studies, Múnich, vol. 3, núm. 2, 2017, pp. 35-56.
Hudson, John, “U.N. Envoy Revises Syria Death Toll to 400,000”, Foreign Policy, 22 de abril de 2016, en http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/04/22/u-n-envoy-revises-syria-death-toll-to-400000/
İçduygu, Ahmet y E. Fuat Keyman, “Globalization, Security, and Migration: The Case of Turkey”, Global Governance, vol. 6, núm. 3, 2000, pp. 383-398.
_____ y Evin Millet, “Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Insecure Lives in an Environment of Pseudo-Integration” (Working paper, 13), Roma, Istituto Affari Internazionali, Istanbul Policy Center y Mercator Foundation, 2016.
İneli Ciğer, Meltem, “Implications of the New Turkish Law on Foreigners and International Protection and Regulation no. 29153 on Temporary Protection for Syrians Seeking Protection in Turkey”, Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration, vol. 4, núm. 2, 2014, en http://oxmofm.com/vol-4-no-2/
Kirişci, Kemal, “«To Lift or Not to Lift» the Geographical Limitation to the 1951 Geneva Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees: Turkey’s Pre-Accession to the eu and Asylum”, borrador elaborado para la 4th metu International Relations, Ankara, 30 de junio-2 de Julio de 2005, en http://edam.org.tr/document/Kirisci2.pdf
_____, Syrian Refugees and Turkey’s Challenges: Going Beyond Hospitality. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 2014, en https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Syrian-Refugees-and-Turkeys-Challenges-May-14-2014.pdf
Korkut, Umut, “Pragmatism, Moral Responsibility or Policy Change:The Syrian Refugee Crisis and Selective Humanitarianism in the Turkish Refugee Regime”, Comparative Migration Studies, vol. 4, núm. 2, 2016, en https://comparativemigrationstudies.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40878-015-0020-9, consultado el 12.V.2017.
Latif, Dilek, “Refugee Policy of the Turkish Republic”, The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, vol. 33, 2000, pp. 1-29.
Mango, Andrew, Atatürk, Nueva York, The Overlook Press, 2002.
Mülteci-Der: Mültecilerle Dayanişma Derneği, Mülteci-Der’s Observations on Refugee Situation in Turkey, Izmir, 13 de mayo de 2016, en http://www.multeci.org.tr/en/haberler/multeci-ders-observations-on-refugee-situation-in-turkey
Önerand, N. Asli Şirin y Deniz Genç, “Continuity or Change in Turkey’s Mass Migration Policy: From 1989 émigrés to Syrian «guests»”, en Guven Seker, Ali Tilbe, Mustafa Okmen, Pınar Yazgan, Deniz Eroglu, Ibrahim Sirkeci (eds.), Turkish Migration Conference 2015, Selected Proceedings, Londres, Transnational Press London, pp. 23-38.
Özden, Şenay, “Syrian Refugees in Turkey”, mpc Research Report 2013/05, Badia Fiesolana, Migration Policy Center (mpc)-European University Institute-Robert Schuman Center for Advanced Studies, 2013.
_____, “The Opposition Failed Bitterly in the Refugee Issue”, Saha. Citizen’s Assembly Turkey, núm. esp. 1, 2016, pp. 37-42 [Entrevista al autor por Ayşe Çavdar].
Refugee Rights Turkey, “Asylum Information Database. Country Report: Turkey. European Council of Refugees and Exiles”, 2015, en http://www.asylumineurope.org/reports/country/turkey, consultado el 10.II.2017.
Refugee Studies Center, “The Syrian Humanitarian Disaster. Disparities in Perceptions, Aspirations and Behaviour in Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey”, rsc Research in Brief 3, University of Oxford, diciembre de 2015.
Sari, Elif y Cemile Gizem Dinçer, “Toward a New Asylum Regime in Turkey?”, Movements: Journal of Critical Migration and Border Regimes Studies, vol. 3, núm. 2, 2017, pp. 59-79.
Singer, Thea, “3Qs: What using the name «Daesh», rather than «isis» or «isil» Really Means”, News@Northeastern, en http://news.northeastern.edu/2015/11/3qs-what-using-the-namedaesh-rather-than-isis-or-isil-really-means
Soykan, Cavidan, “The New Draft Law on Foreigners and International Protection in Turkey”, Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration, vol. 2, núm. 2, 2012, pp. 38-47.
The World Bank, “Turkey’s Response to the Syrian Refugee Crisis and the Road Ahead”, en www.worldbank.org
Yildiz, Ayselin y Elif Uzgören, “Limits to Temporary Protection: Non-Camp Syrian Refugees in İzmir, Turkey”, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, vol. 16, núm. 2, 2006, pp. 195-211, en http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14683857.2016.1165492?journalCode=fbss20
